Lightweight, breathable, waterproof, soft shell composite apparel and technical alpine apparel

ABSTRACT

The apparel is constructed from various combinations of layers of materials with moisture transfer properties. A first liner of moisture transfer fabrics abuts a second layer of structural material such as open-cell foam. The second layer can abut a breathable membrane and/or an insulating material. Finally, carefully selected outer fabric completes the combination to provide apparel with improved performance characteristics. The outer fabrics are treated in various ways to enhance performance.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to apparel (garments) which areparticularly suited to transfer moisture away from an individual.Particularly, the present invention relates to apparel constructedaccording to a moisture transfer system having a combination ofbreathable layers that removes moisture away from an individual whilealso being comfortable and aesthetically pleasing in appearance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various types of apparel are known in the prior art. However, none ofthese provides the advantages provided by the present invention. Inparticular, the types of apparel known in the prior art do not takeadvantage of the new advances in materials and fabrics that have beenmade in recent years. Additionally, new apparel known in the prior artdoes not teach a moisture transfer system based upon specificcombinations of layers as taught in the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present inventor has recognized the deficiencies in the apparelknown in the prior art and has designed new apparel that is capable ofovercoming those deficiencies. More specifically, the present inventiondiscloses a carefully selected combination of specific fibers, fabricsand material layers that enable moisture transfer, while at the sametime providing comfort to the individual wearing the apparel.

An object of the present invention is to provide apparel that canquickly transfer moisture away from an individual's body so that theindividual can feel more comfortable.

Another object of the present invention is to provide individualsinvolved in alpine and outdoor activities such as in-line skating,snowboarding, skiing, hiking, climbing, biking, playing golf and tennisetc., with active wear with increased performance and functional to dealwith the additional moisture that is generated by such individuals whileinvolved in such activities.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a combinationof nonwoven and foam-like materials and fabrics-like materials resultingfrom the latest technological advances in a manner unknown in the priorart.

These and other objects, features, and advantages of the presentinvention will become more apparent in view of the following detaileddescription of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with thedrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 generally illustrates the layers forming the combinationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a technical garment according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a technical alpine garment accordingto the present invention

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a Casual Tech garment according tothe present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of another Casual Tech garmentaccording of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a lightweight, breathable CasualTech shirt according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates the deep groove fiber.

FIG. 8 illustrates the deep groove fiber.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A detailed description of the preferred embodiments will now be includedin conjunction with the Figures. It should be understood that theseembodiments are set forth for purposes of explanation only and are notto be interpreted as the only application of the present invention.

The apparel illustrated in FIGS. 2-6 includes shirts and jackets.Although not specifically illustrated, all of the types of apparel canbe manufactured according to the present invention. The application ofthis invention to other types of apparel could easily be accomplished byone with ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 generally illustrates the composite layers that are a result of apreferred embodiment of the present invention, namely a first (inner)layer 10, a second layer 20, a third layer 30, and a fourth (outer)layer 40. On some preferable options one or more layers are eliminated.These layers are attached to each other either by an environmentallyfriendly adhesive, mechanical bonding (or stitch bonding, such as thatperformed by Tietex, Inc., or Xymid Group, Foss Manufacturing or thelike), lamination (flame or adhesive lamination, for example), weldingor a combination of these applications.

An adhesive film that eliminates stitching by SewFree may be used tobond fabrics and seams, pocket areas or collars or adhesive bonding byBemis or the like can attach the seams.

Mechanical bonding can be performed using nylon, elastine, SPANDEX®, orLYCRA® thread or the fibers inclusive in the nonwoven structure or thelike. Other equivalent methods may also be employed. Furthermore, asmentioned later, if a Teflon® treatment or the like or encapsulation ornano-technology is used to treat the outer shell material in one or moreof the selected preferably composite combinations options, the shelllayer is preferably bonded or welded with a breathable adhesive. This isdue to the nature of Teflon® materials, nano-technology or encapsulatedmaterials. In some performance categories layer 20 or 30 may beeliminated. The invention may have additional foam, film, nonwoven, webor resin layers added between layer 10 and 40 to accommodate theperformance categories or the layers may be comprised of composites withadditional layers. Moisture transfer, thermal and waterproof rates willvary with the technical performance needs of the products. There are setstandards of rate developed in this invention as the activity andperformance level develop the required rates in the end-use productgroups.

A detailed discussion of the materials preferably used in these layersfollows. All inner lining materials may include anti-microbial FOSSHIELDsilver fibers and grooved 4-8 DG fibers by Foss Manufacturing or thelike or X-STATIC® products or the like.

Layer 10 is first layer in the moisture and breathable system. Thisfabric or nonwoven layer must move moisture and be breathable. Aselection of preferable fabrics is discussed below. Additional innerlining moisture transfer fabrics, not listed in this application areincluded in this invention. This invention includes new blends ofnonwoven materials with added technical features to enhance theperformance and durability for end-use products.

Selected on the market nonwoven products such as Evolon® have beenenhanced with additional shaped and/or fibers and nano-technology toencompass the needs of the moisture transfer, breathable waterprooftechnical systems. Moisture transfer, flexible, stretchable, breathableand moldable and nonwoven blends developed by Baychar Textiles arecombinations of technical fibers constructions and combinations, enhancetreatments for waterproof, soil resistance nano-technology,anti-microbial properties and increase durability. These economicalcomposite nonwovens are the suggested flexible and stretchablereplacement to LYCRA®, stretch wovens and knits. The suggested andpreferably Baychar blended nonwoven composites in layers 10-15 can beused in any layer in this invention or independent of any other layer asa single layer garment. The nonwoven composite can be brushed and fleeceor suede like surface. The nonwoven may contain elastine fibers withexcellent retention and recovery. The Baychar Textiles nonwoven seriesis wrinkle free, re-cycleable and can be used for industrial and medicalapplication.

The first suggested fabrics for layer 10 are polyester or polypropylenefabrics or fabric blends made by Coville, Inc. or Deercreek Fabrics.These fabrics may be are treated with moisture transfer ionizedsolutions, TRANSPORT DRY FIBER TECHNOLOGY, a wetting solution andtreatments, nano-technology such as that employed by Schoeller, TorayInternational, Burlington Industries or the like to enhance the moisturevapor transfer (MVT) properties.

The second fabric is an anti-microbial, anti-fungal polypropylene fabricwith a fleece surface having a polyester, cotton, acrylic, rayon or woolbacking, or the like (such as that manufactured by Coville, Inc orDeercreek Fabrics.). This double-sided fabric combines two moisturemanagement mechanisms, wicking and absorption. The wickable syntheticfiber pushes the moisture away and the cotton, rayon, etc. pull themoisture up from the inner layer and spread it out for transfer andevaporation. This double-sided fabric may be used for winter hiking orclimbing boots and various alpine boots, the backing made of polyesteror cotton blends can be replaced with either natural or synthetic blendsof fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, elastine, LYCRA®, SPANDEX®,acetate, acrylics, tencel, rayon, polyester, corn, kapok fibers or thelike.

The third material option may be a nonwoven such as that made byFreudenberg called Novolon®, VILDONA® or Evolon® made from microdenierpolyester or a microdenier nonwoven with split, wraped or shaped fibers.This invention further enhances the Freudenberg called Novolon®,VILDONA® or Evolon® with nano-technology, stretchable fibers and foamlayers, silver fibers and soil resistant nano particles and coating.

Additionally, this invention further enhances the Novolon®, VIDONA® orEvolon® slit fiber microdenier Freudenberg nonwovens and the moisturetransfer Baychar Textile nonwovens and elastomeric composites in thisinvention with elastine, shaped, hollow, split, silver, grooved blendsof synthetic fibers or natural and synthetic fiber blends such ascotton, kapok, wood pulp, hemp, lyocel, a corn fiber by NatureWorkscalled (PLA)CORNUCOPIA with SPANDEX®, elastine, LYCRA®, nylon.

The fourth material option may further include elastomeric nonwovens byFreudenberg, Alhstrom, Kimberley Clark, 3M®, Gore, North Carolina StateNonwovens Cooperative, or the like.

The fifth material suitable for an inner lining moisture transfer layer10 is a breathable, moisture transfer nonwoven with elastomericproperties as disclosed in the elastomeric cellular product by Fox RunTechnologies and Baychar Textiles. The elastomeric nonwoven products canbe easily waterproofed and developed as a single layer garment orportion of the garment.

A preferably the sixth material is an elastomeric nonwoven by BaycharTextiles. This selected blend of combined split, shaped, hollow, silverand stretchable fibers such as LYCRA®, SPANDEX® or elastine may becombined with a polymer stretch resin to increase flexibility anddurability. Additional grooved and shaped fibers by Foss Manufacturingwill be added to the nonwoven blends as are defined by the performanceneeds of the technical products.

These preferable Baychar blends of nonwoven fibers combine syntheticshaped, grooved, split fibers, hollow fibers or the like may be brushedto add a soft, stretchable finish or be brushed to appear fleeced andtextured. Combination without resin of natural and synthetic nonwovenblends will preferably contain elastomeric fibers or a layer of foam orboth. This invention adds elastomeric stretch fibers, silver fibers andnano-technology to microdenier split fiber nonwovens such as Evolon® andNovolon® or the like to increase the moisture transfer, soil resistanceand performance levels and criteria in this technical composite apparelsystem. The preferable nonwoven blends in this invention blend two ormore natural and synthetic fibers such as wool, nylon, elastine,SPANDEX®, LYCRA®, acretate, hemp, rayon, lyocel cotton, corn fibers,KELVAR®, carbon blends with fabric technology to achieve a durabilityend-use product group for use in composite layers or single garments. Asprevious stated, the fiber and textile technology combination, rate ofmoisture transfer, breathability and degree of waterproofing depend onthe selected performance criteria and activities.

The seventh nonwoven material group includes a further enhanced moisturetransfer, nonwoven with elastomeric properties as described in theelastomeric cellular products by Fox Run Technologies and Baycharpatents. The elastomeric cellular composite nonwoven products can beeasily waterproofed and used as an entire garment or portion of thecomposite layer a technical garment.

These preferable nonwoven composites comprised of moisture transfer,nonwoven elastomeric blends are constructed with technical fiber blendstreated with nano-technology, silicone, silver technology and/or wrappedwith foam or other fibers. The suggested foam coating, Cofoam, coats theexterior of a synthetic fiber or saturates individual natural fibers andallows for increased performance options. Any of the technical nonwovenproducts disclosed in this invention including the nonwovens by 3 mm,Invista, Dupont, Freudenberg, Alhstrom, FoxRun Technologies or the likemay be up graded with encapsulated or treated with Teflon®, silicone ornano-technology to provide a multi-functional flexible, single layernonwoven for technical products. Waterproof, soil resistant, wicking,moisture transfer technologies are added to increase durable,performance and stretchable properties. Elastomeric nonwovens mayfurther be combined flexible, stretchable fibers, films, foams, resinsand nano-technology.

Additionally, anti-microbial treatments or fibers may be added toincrease the functionality of these technical material and fabriccomposites. This invention develops the elastomeric, moisture transfer,nonwoven materials into a suitable light weight, waterproof, technicalcomposite garment. The enhanced elastomeric nonwoven material may beutilized for waterproof and breathable technical shell apparel or ashell composite layer for technical soft shell apparel or the like.

Nano-technology may optionally be used to treat the nonwoven fibers ornonwoven layer with moisture transfer, soil resistant, anti-microbial,wicking or waterproof properties. Nano-tex by Burlington, Manomatrix byToray, NanoHorizon E47 by TTNA, Smartsilver nano-technology andSchoeller soil and waterproof nano-technology is cited in this inventionas an example of a moisture transfer, waterproofing, soil repellantnano-technology. Evolon®, Novolon® by Freudenberg or the like,elastomeric nonwovens Baychar Textiles nonwovens containing a polymerstretch resin or stretch fibers, nonwovens, fabrics, films or foamlayers in this invention may be treated with nano-technology or aTeflon® treatment to enhance soil resistance, moisture transfer andionized properties. Elastomeric nonwovens with or without a foam layermay be utilized in the inner moisture transfer layer or the outer shellmaterial in this example with or without anti-microbial properties or inany composite apparel combination in this invention.

The eighth fabric is an anti-microbial, anti-fungal polypropylene/cottonblend or polyester and cotton.

The ninth fabric is a FIELDSENSOR polyester with moisture transfer,waffle weave products or Entrant HB, Entrant V, Entrant GII by Toray.The Toray FIELDSENSOR product AF123, RF123, MX or the like by Toray,construction quickly moves moisture from the surface of the compositeand passes it to the second composite layer. Alternatively, a polyestermaterial known as AQUA-DRY, manufactured by Teijin Shojin can beemployed.

The tenth fabric is a hydrophilic anti-microbial DRI-LEX nylons orperforated material (such as that manufactured by Faytex Corp.).

The eleventh fabric is a polyester looped terry (such as thatmanufactured by Kronfli Spundale Mills, Inc. or the like).

The twelfth fabric is a sueded/sanded fleeced polyester microfibermaterial (distributed by Yagi & Co., Inc. and Teijin Shojin, Inc.) orSmartsilver nano-technology fabrics by TTNA.

The thirthteen fabric is POLARTEC SERIES 100, 200 and POLARTECPOWERSTRETCH which is a wickable, moisture transfer fiber, containingLYCRA® and polypropylene. This fabric is also anti-microbial.

The fourteenth fabric is a moisture transfer fabric CERAMIC FLEECE byCalamai or Cloverbrook fabrics.

The fifteenth fabric is a wool blend with cotton, polyester, or the likebacking by Deercreek or the like.

The sixteenth fabric is an acrylic-based conductive fabric from SterlingPerformance or ASF fabrics.

The seventeenth fabric is a nylon or nylon polyester blend possiblytreated with TRANSPORT DRY FIBER TECHNOLOGY manufactured by GilfordMills or moisture transfer nano-technology fabrics by BurlingtonIndustries.

The eighteenth fabric is a spacer fabric constructed of nylon,polyester, or polypropylene blend by Dreamfel, Aquafil, IndustriasMurtra or the like.

The nineteenth type of fabric is selected chemical and naturally ionizedsynthetic fabrics and fibers such as (MICROSAFE ACETATE, MICROSUPREMEACRYLIC CYSTAR, BIOFRESH and the like manufactured by Celanese Acetate,Sterling Performance Fabrics, MICROSUPREME HIGH TECH ACRYLIC by SterlingPerformance Fabrics.

The twentieth type of fabric is ACRILLIAN or DURASPUN acrylicsperformance fabrics by Monsanto or blends of acrylics and polyester byGlenoit or the like.

The twenty-first fabric is a blend of performance fibers and TEFLON orFREELON blend of Friction Free Technology by Concept III.

The twenty-second fabric is a new blend of corn fabrics or corn andcotton fibers with wool by Draper Knitting.

The twenty-third fabric is peppered fleece, a combination of cotton,acrylic or cotton, acrylic and polyester

The twenty-fourth fabric is KWILL fleece by Concept III.

The twenty-fifth fabric is K-WICK by Kronfli Spundale Mills.

The twenty-sixth fabric is MICROLANA MICROFABRIC by Glenoit.

The twenty-seventh fabric is MICROSUPREME HIGH TECH ACRYLIC by SterlingPerformance Fabrics a blend of acrylic, cotton and polyesters fleecedfabrics.

The twenty-eighteenth fabric is NANO-DRY by Burlington Fabrics or ablend of cotton and synthetics with NANO-DRY.

The twenty-ninth fabric is DRI-RELEASE by Concept III Textiles.

The thirtieth fabric is DYERTECH by Dyersburg.

The thirty-first fabric is DRYLINE by Milliken, a hydrophobic polyesterand LYCRA®.

The thirty-second fabric is SWEET a polyester fabric by Tapetex.

The thirty-third fabric is a polyester and polypropylene fabric blend byCoville, preferably COMFORTREL. Also preferred are moisture transferknits by Coville and blends of cotton and polyester and/orpolypropylene, preferably HIGHLANDER-PLUS or POLYGON STRETCH.

The thirty-fourth fabric is cross-dye POWER DRY and SMART FIBER fabricsby Wellman.

The thirty-fifth fabric is MICROMOVE by Burlington.

The thirty-sixth fabric is polyester fabrics and blends by Kronfli.

The thirty-seventh fabric is M.C.S. with NANO-DRY.

The thirty-eighth fabric includes the Schoeller DRY SKIN and other innerlining Schoeller fabric or nonwoven PCM materials.

The thirty-ninth fabric is a spacer fabric by Schoeller, BQI, NAM-LION Gor the like.

The fortieth fabric is Evolon® or Novolon® nonwoven by Freudenberg orthe like.

The forty-first material is a cellular elastomeric composite withstretch fibers.

The forty-second fabric is a MVT THERMAL manufactured by FossManufacturing, a needle punch combination of nonwoven fibers and foam.

The forty-third fabric is a MVT THERMAL with wool fibers.

The forty-fourth fabric is a flocked fabric with a knitted, woven ornonwoven face and a flocked fiber backing.

The forty-fifth material is a CHAMELEON or MVT THERMAL by Baychar Inc.,The forty-sixth material is cotton, organic cotton, wool or a blend oftwo or more.

The forty-seventh material are fabrics or nonwovens by POLARTEC®.

The forty-eighth material is a stretch polyester material with orwithout hollow and shaped fibers treated with a wicking solution,NANO-DRY, ionized solution or the like.

The forty-ninth fabrics material by Ventex, Faytex or Malden Mills.

The fiftieth material is a line of cotton, synthetic or stretch fabricstreated by encapsulation by Nextec.

The fifty-first is Schoeller 3XDRY® fabrics.

The fifty-second material is a waterproof breathable fleece by Malden,POLARTEC® or the like.

The fifty-third fabric is DRY-ZONE.

The fifty-fourth material is a nonwoven stretch elastomeric nonwoven orelastomeric cellular nonwoven.

The fifty-fifth fabric are Smartsilver technology fabrics calledNanohorizons E47.

The fifty-sixth fabric group is Entrant series or Fieldsensor serieswith the Nanomatrix treatment by Toray

CIBA chemical treatments can be added to any of the above fabric ornonwoven selections.

Finally, spacer fabrics or fleeced fabrics of polyester or polyesterblends manufactured by Malden Mills and others can be used. A largegroup of new technical textiles are emerging into the sporting goodsindustry. This invention incorporates moisture transfer and soilprotective technology in or on one or more of the composite layers.Additionally, the technical composite apparel fibers, fabrics andnonwovens layers can be treated to increase benefits with combinationsof the suggested moisture transfer and waterproof technologies. Layers10 through 40 may be treated with a chemical ionization, wickingsolutions, nano-technology or a treatment such as COOLAN by KOLON TTAINC., or the like. Optionally, the inner MVT fabric or nonwoven cancombination Phase Change Technology (PCMs) and an ionization chemicaltreatment such as COOLON or Ciba Chemicals.

The chemical ionization treatments place a positive charge or negativecharge to the fibers, fabric, nonwoven and/or foam layer and develops anideal moisture transfer performance product for extreme apparel. Allfibers, fabrics or nonwovens may be treated with a patented naturalfiber technology to neutralize odor by Stafford textiles or add silverfiber technology. Odor Zapper treats natural cellulose fiber based yarnsthat function to neutralize odor causing bacteria. All fabrics ornonwovens may be treated with MVT finish, ionized solutions, orNANO-DRY, NANO-TEX or the like.

The first layer 10 abuts a second layer 20 and is attached thereto bylamination, (adhesive or flame) mechanical bonding, ultrasonic bonding,welded or adhesively bonded with breathable adhesives or the like.Additionally, layer 10 may be backed by a moisture transfer thermalflocked fiber selected blend with an environmentally safe adhesive,resin, film, open-cell foam layer, frothed foam, elastomeric cellularcomposite or a foam and nonwoven blend resin layer. The unique moisturetransfer, thermal flocked fiber blend may be optionally attached to theback of the inner lining moisture transfer nonwoven material or fabricpresented in first layer 10. The combination moisture transfer flockedfibers may be combined with any layer in this invention and especiallywith the suggested outer shell materials. The flock may be distributedor spread in a random pattern or a dotted matrix. Optionally, theflocked fiber blend may contain nano-technology or phase changematerials or both. The additional thermal phase change properties andnano-technology enhance and increase the comfort levels of the technicalgarment. Layer 10 the inner lining material or layer 40 the exteriorshell may alternatively be attached to a foam composite layer in thetechnical composite moisture transfer system wherein a flocked layer hasbeen added to the foam composite on either side to add additionalperformance properties for a component of the technical apparel.

Second layer 20 may be one of twelve options. The first option for layer20 is a breathable, moisture transferring, reticulated, open-cell,breathable foam layer and fiber blended, elastomeric cellular compositeor breathable, reticulated open-cell hydrophilic foam. The foam layer isoptionally backed with a moisture transfer, breathable nonwoven topsheet made by Alhstrom, Invista, Freudenberg, Dupont® or the like, or aopen-cell, breathable, moisture transfer foam attached to a cellularelastomeric composite containing nonwoven fibers and foam, film or resinor the like. The cellular elastomeric composite is disclosed in theeleventh option for layer 20. The elastomeric composite may optionallybe used in any layer in this invention.

The second option for layer 20 is a moisture transfer, needle punchnonwoven or dry-laid, wet-laid or air-laid polymer nonwoven. Thenonwoven layer transfers and absorbs moisture and is comprised ofsynthetic, natural fibers or a blend of these fibers. Silver fibers byFoss, Smartsilver nano-technology or silver treatment may be added tothe nonwoven layer or to any layer in the invention. The nonwoven layermay vary in composition as discussed above. The preferred compositionfor the nonwoven is when use combines wood pulp, cotton, lyocel,polyester, rayon, polypropylene, hemp, corn elastine, or a stretch fibersuch as LYCRA® or SPANDEX (or a combination of two or more of these). Ofcourse, the top sheet can contain one fiber and may be treated withnano-technology or an ionizated solution. The top sheet may abut theinner moisture transfer fabric or material or be needled into thenonwoven layer. Optionally, the breathable moisture transfer nonwovenmaterial top sheet may be applied on one or both sides or combined witha foam layer for various types of extreme apparel. The foam layercombined with a nonwoven to sheet can be of any thickness, preferablybetween 1/20″ and 3/16″. The nonwoven top sheet abutting the foam orincluded in the foam may also be eliminated in some performance appareloptions and replaced with an elastomeric composite. Any nonwoven, spacerfabric or foam layer in this invention may be treated with Phase ChangeTechnology, nano-technology, chemical ionization or a combination ofthese technologies. Stretchable properties may be added to nonwoven inlayer 20. Alternatively, a knitted fabric can replace the nonwoven topsheet in any layer or combination composite layer in this invention.

The third option in layer 20 is an elastomeric nonwoven such Evolon®Novolon® or nonwovens products by Freudenberg or Alhstrom, KimberlyClark or the like with or without stretchable fibers or resins. Theseelastomeric nonwovens may be used as an option in layer 10, 20, or anylayer in this invention. Nonwovens by Freudenberg with elastomericproperties are preferred in this invention in active performancecategories. However, any nonwoven or knitted fabric that is comprised ofabsorbent and moisture transferring properties with or withoutstretchable characteristics can be applied. In some options, tubularknits can be used for a protective gear or skate liner uppers, tongues,heels cups or toe boxes. Alternatively, Split Fiber Technologies andelastomeric nonwovens enhancements developed by North Carolina StateCooperative, Clemson University, Tennessee University, Freudenberg orthe like may be included in this invention. Split Fiber Technology maybe included within the elastomeric cellular composite layer orelastomeric nonwoven products.

The selected nonwoven or knitted layer when used in layer 20 can beionized to increase the moisture transfer and enhance performance. Thenonwoven layer may contain one or more combinations of split fibers,hollow fibers, grooved fibers, shaped fibers, anti-microbial fibers ortreatments. In some options the elastomeric nonwoven layer is the innerlining material or outer shell material selection. Alternatively, amoisture transfer, anti-microbial, nonwoven composite comprised of amoisture transfer nonwoven, breathable, open-cell foam layer abutting ormechanically bonded to another moisture transfer nonwoven layer maycomprise the entire liner for a technical soft shell garment, alpineboot, all-weather boot, hockey or ice skate or helmet or the like. Thebreathable moisture transfer composite system may be enhanced with PhaseChange Technologies for additional thermal benefits and may be used as asingle layer or composite layer in the moisture transfer system. Thenonwoven composite may be used for layer in this invention.

The select nature and shaped, hollow and split fibers synthetic fiberscombined in the nonwoven composite layer 20 have inherent moisturetransfer and absorption properties and can be treated with a number ofMVT surfactants or wicking solution to increase performance. InteraTechnology, Ultraphil, nano-technology or the like are treatments thatenhance moisture transfer performance. Nano-technology may be applied tothe nonwoven fibers to enhance moisture transfer or waterproof thenonwoven layer. Nano-Technology by Burlington Technologies or TorayIndustries is preferable.

Nano-technology may be applied to the nonwoven or fabric layer or fibersto enhance the moisture transfer, soil resistant and breathability.Nano-technology by Burlington Technologies or Toray Industries ispreferable. Optionally, a hydrophilic foam or foam spray may be appliedto the fibers or nonwoven layer to increase moisture transferperformance or waterproof properties. The hydrophilic foam sprayapplication is preferably by Hydrophillx Inc. The microscopic foam sprayapplication may include microscopic thermal fibers, Phase ChangeTechnology, anti-microbial materials, nano-technology, silica powder orthe like to increase thermal, moisture transfer performance options forvarious categories.

The selected rate of breathability, moisture transfer and thermalfunction is determined by the product and the performance level of theproduct. The breathable and moisture transfer rates are not ambiguous orundetermined. The selected technical nonwovens and fabrics havedetermined rates that can be increased or decreased with the appliedtechnologies and selected performance needs of the product line. Fabricor nonwoven venders supplies product test data and performance rates atthe request of the product company. Enhancements and additionaltechnology can be added to any layer to increase the functionality andperformance for each product category. Soil resistant Teflon® treatmentsor the like such as applied by Burlington Technologies, Schoeller Textilor the like may be applied to the any layer in this invention.

The third option for layer 20 is an elastomeric cellular nonwoven. Theelastomeric cellular nonwoven may be developed in several ways. In thefirst option, a layer of breathable, open-cell foam and fibers aresubjected to water or air pressure on a surface. This may be reviewed inU.S. Pat. No. 6,074,966 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,479,009 B1.

The elastomeric cellular invention process is further developed in thisapplication with a combined wet lay, dry lay and/or conform process.

In the second process option, the fibers, aqueous phase and polymersbase are combined in one process under pressure on a surface. The liquidpolymer solidifies with the fibers as it reacts to air or the aqueousphase. The selected fiber blend distributed on a screen or bed, fuseswith the liquid polymers, aqueous phase and solidifies under pressureinto a nonwoven composite. The polymer base reacts and solidifies as theaqueous phase is combined and the fibers are fused together with thesolidifying polymer under pressure. Alternatively, the fibers, aqueousphase and the polymers base may be integrated and combined prior to thesurface integration.

The polymer base and aqueous phase combine during the water or airpressurization with the fiber mesh. All three nonwoven and foam processoptions may incorporate synthetic and natural fibers and include ionizedtreatments, nano-technology and or phase change materials.

The elastomeric cellular nonwoven may be fused under air, water ormagnetic pressure with another open-cell foam layer and/or polymer mesh.A polymer film or resin may replace the open-cell foam structure in someoptions.

The fourth option for layer 20 is a nonwoven with treated with thermalcharacteristics. The nonwoven is formed by a dry-laid, wet-laid,air-laid or polymer-laid method. The nonwoven may be a top sheetattached to a selected elastomeric nonwoven capable of absorbing andmoving moisture. The thermal options for this nonwoven layer may includePhase Change Technology, or thermal fibers or both. The thermal nonwovenalternative to the MVT composite system may be THERMOLITE, THINSULATE,SSOFTHERM, PRIMOLOFT, OUTLAST or Phase Change Technology nonwoven,Schoeller PCM nonwoven or the like or a combination of one or more ofthese products with foam. Preferably, the thermal nonwoven and foamcombination is a MVT THERMAL or CHAMELEON developed by Solid WaterHoldings. The MVT THERMAL is detailed in the eighth option for layer 20.The THERMOLITE nonwoven by Invista may additional contain grooved andshaped fibers and foam. The hollow fibers in the THERMOLITE nonwovenlayer and be shaped or grooved to increase moisture.

THERMOLITE may be combined with the MVT Thermal by Baychar Holdings insome options in this invention.

The fifth and sixth option for layer 20 is a spacer fabric or a spacerfabric and foam combination. The spacer fabric is constructed in oneoption with two knitted top sheets one on either side of a bed of fiberssuch as developed by Muller Textil. This invention further develops aspacer fabric sandwich-like construction replacing the knitted topsheets with a wet-lay or spun bonded nonwoven material on either side ofthe fibrous bed. The spacer fabric top sheet construction may optionallybe a woven, a knitted-wovens combination, a nonwoven, a double-sidedfabric or a combination of any of these selections on either side of abed of continuous filaments. Alternatively, these top sheets on eitherside of the continuous filaments may be a combination of fiber and foamand may contain shaped, hollow and grooved fibers. This nonwovencomposite sandwich construction produces a cushion-like material andprovides rebound and moisture transfer properties to the MVT compositesystem. The sandwiched fibers in the spacer fabric in between theknitted top sheets or bed may also be altered to increase performance.Shaped, hollow, grooved, split or smooth fiber can be added to improvemoisture movement through the spacer products. In one example, thefilaments are shaped 4-8 DG polyester fibers in both the top sheets andin the bed. This engineered space fabric may be applied in layer 10 to40

The grooved fibers may additionally be hollow in the top sheet exteriorlayers or the fiber bed. Anti-microbial silver fibers, wicking andnano-treatments may be added to the layers of the spacer fabrics or anylayer in the composite apparel. In another example, the spacer fabricbed is a combination of hollow, grooved and/or shaped filaments attachedto a foam layer on one side and nonwoven layer on the other side.

As mentioned above, the top sheets located on either side of thenonwoven fibrous layer can be constructed of a number of combinationsdepending on the performance criteria required in the product. Acellular elastomeric composite may be placed on either side of the fiberbed and replace the nonwoven or knitted top sheets.

In option seven, a down feather layer may be used as layer 20 orcombined with any of the layers suggested in layer 20. In fact, a downfeather layer may be the insulated layer provided in a number of alpinesolutions in this invention. The down feather layer such as thatdeveloped by NAPTURAL in France can be provide between layers 10 and 40or may be used in combination with other composite constructions in thisinvention. The down layer may be alternatively treated with anano-technology or ionizated chemical solution to increase the MVTperformance. The down layer may be replaced with kapok for water sportssoft shell composites.

The eighth option is a nonwoven and foam composite MVT THERMAL compositeare comprised of synthetic shaped 4-8 deep groove polyester (see FIGS. 7and 8), acrylic, acetate, polymer fibers, silver fibers, natural fibersor a blend and an open-cell foam or polymer with or without Phase ChangeTechnology, silica particles, air or gel spheres and anti-microbialproperties. This MVT nonwoven and foam composite may include silverfibers by Foss Manufacturing and is manufactured under the trade nameCHAMELEON or MVT THERMAL by Solid Water Holdings This all-in-one needlepunch technical nonwoven, spun bond or wet-laid product is thermallyregulated by fiber content, silica, air micro-spheres, PCM Technology,nano-technology and shaped or grooved fiber combination. The technicalnonwoven composite transfers moisture immediately through the layers.The natural fibers such as wool, lyocel, hemp, wood pulp, silver, copperor a blend may be added to the MVT composite to increase the thermal andmoisture vapor transfer. The MVT composite is quick drying andanti-microbial. The MVT THERMAL composite may be more or less thermaldepending on the fiber content and foam selection, cell density andthickness and may include a cellular elastomeric layer needled into thenonwoven fiber layers. Optionally, the cellular elastomeric, foam andnonwoven composite include synthetic or natural fibers blends such aswool, cotton, lyocell, acrylic, polyester, nylon, stretch fibers or thelike as discussed above. An acrylic web by Naltex or the like may beincluded in the MVT nonwoven composite or placed on the surface of thenonwoven composite with or without PCM's. The acrylic web may be furthertreated or include a number of wicking and thermal technologies toincrease the performance of the MVT THERMAL or nonwovens layers in thiscomposite and invention. Nano-Tex Technology can be added to this MVTTHERMAL or to the CHAMELEON composite to increase the drying time. In anumber of options the MVT THERMAL or CHAMELEON has mechanically bonded alayer of THEMROLITE, THINSULITE, Freudenberg COMFORTEMP or PCM nonwovensinto the layers creating a range of thermal properties and values in thelayered MVT system. The MVT THERMAL composite may be made comprised ofwool, 4-8 DG polyester, silver fibers and a blend of other naturalsynthetic fibers for all weather and hunting boots. The MVT THERMAL orCHAMELEON composite may be used in layers 10 through 40 in thisinvention and may be comprised of foam and nonwoven, nonwoven foam,nonwoven or foam, nonwoven and foam construction. This MVT composite isantimicrobial, MVT and can be more or less thermal with the addition offiber, PCM or both. The MVT THERMAL anti-microbial composite may havenano-technology and/or air-gel added to enhance the compositeperformance. Air-gel can be added to any layer in this apparel compositeor treatment. The MVT THERMAL may be combined with THERMOLITE by Invistaor Thinsulite by 3M®.

Layer 10, 20, 30 or 40 or additional layers may optionally be a MVTTHERMAL manufactured by Baychar Inc. and Foss Manufacturing or acombination of a MVT THERMAL and an elastomeric composite or thermal assuggested above in option eleven for layer 20. In some performancecategories the composite apparel is constructed with a inner liningmaterial or fabric and a nonwoven and foam composite and the outershell. In another option the inner lining material abuts a nonwoventhermal with PCM and the waterproof breathable outer shell material.Optionally, the moisture transfer, technical apparel composite isdeveloped by attaching the inner lining material to a MVT THERMALcomprised of a thermal nonwoven and an open-cell, breathable, foammechanically bonded with or without PCM, air or silica spheres and thewaterproof breathable exterior shell fabric in layer 40 or additionallayers.

The MVT Thermal contains natural and synthetic hollow, shaped, grooved,elastomeric, split fibers or a blend of these fibers. This performanceapparel MVT composite system develops both a waterproof and moisturetransferring soft shell apparel sports application. Teflon® treatmentsor the like or encapsulation by Toray or Nextex or the like ornano-technology, waterproof films, DWR treatments or waterproofbreathable adhesives or membranes may be used in any exterior shellmaterial or fabric in this invention. The MVT THERMAL may include alayer of THERMOLITE or THINSULITE in the composite nonwoven layers or alayer of Comfortemp or Schoeller PCM nonwoven.

The ninth option for layer 20 is an elastomeric cellular composite byFoxrun Technologies. The elastomeric composite option is mentioned abovein option one. The electrometric composite may abut layer 10 and theexterior shell layer in layer 40. This extremely thin composite createsan all-in-one product. A membrane may be included between theelastomeric composite and the outer shell fabric or material in layer 40to waterproof the product or layer 40 may be treated with a waterproofbreathable film or encapsulation to waterproof the product.Nano-technology may be added to the elastomeric layer or the membraneabutting the elastomeric composite or may be combined with the exteriorshell fabric or nonwoven layer. Bionic finishes from Rudolf Chemie underthe brand name BONIC-FINISH® can be applied to the outer shell material.Ruco-Dry products are a new class of water repellents and they are freefrom flurocarbons polymers. Rucostar products develop oil and waterrepellency with reduced fluorocarbons. Another oil and water repellentproduct by Milliken called STAINSMART® may be applied to the outer shellmaterial to prevent stains and provide water repellency.

The tenth option for layer 20 is a MVT felted product comprised ofnatural, synthetic or a blended of fibers made by Baychar Holdings,Invista, Freudenberg, 3M or the like. The felted product may be used inlayer 10, 20, 30. Silver fibers may be added to enhance thermal andanti-microbial properties. This antimicrobial, MVT felted liner can bemore or less thermal with the addition of fiber, PCM or both.

The eleventh option for layer 20 is a cellular elastomeric option. Thistissue thin cellular elastomeric composite can vary in fiber content andpolymer or foam composition as mentioned above. The cellular elastomericcomposite is extremely flexible and may include elastine or stretchfibers, a film, a polymer stretch resin, silver fibers and numerouscombinations of natural and synthetic fibers blends. The cellularcomposite may vary in thickness, stretch and in strength and may be awashable or a disposable product. The elastomeric composite is made offoam fused together with synthetic or natural or a blend of these fibersor a film resin fused together with nonwoven fibers. The elastomericcomposite can be applied in layers 10 through 40 and may have fibersflocked into either side of the elastomeric composite. Optionally, theelastomeric composite and foam and nonwoven composites may contain orabut a netting or acrylic web to provide strength, stretch, MVT and/orthermal enhancement. The polymer web or netting may abut or be includedin any of the foam or nonwoven layers in this invention. Preferably, anacrylic web developed by Freudenberg is suggested in this selectedperformance option. The elastomeric composite may abut layers 10, 20,30, 40 or optional layers. The elastomeric composite may be positionedbetween layer 10 and 40 or may be a single layer product. Optionally,the elastomeric composite may be treated with a soil retardant solution,a Teflon® product or the like or a waterproof encapsulation ornano-technology.

The elastomeric composite may be welded, adhesively bonded, laminated orquilted in this extremely thin 1-5 layer composite system for apparel orfootwear products. This all-in-one thin MVT composite product may bewind and waterproof. The elastomeric composite layers may contain anysynthetic or natural fiber. Preferable fibers include nylon, KEVLAR®,acrylic, wool, lyocel, polyester or stretch fibers such as elastine,LYCRA® or SPANDEX®. The liquid polymer or film is fused together withdry laid or water jet technology process with fibers. The liquid polymerand fiber base make an excellent carrying agent for a number ofparticle-based technologies such as PCM, air spheres, silica or thelike. The liquid polymer solidifies under heat, water, air or magneticpressure with the fiber base to a flexible substrate and developsnumerous options for interlinings and commercial products. Optionally, afilm stretch resin is fused together with the nonwoven fibers. Thecellular elastomeric composite is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,074,966.This invention includes and enhances the elastomeric composite inventionby Foxrun, U.S. Pat. No. 6,074,966, and further invents theincorporation of a new development process to form the elastomericcomposite, and shaped and grooved fiber options, new technology andmaterials including nano-technology, Phase Change Technology, ASPEN airgel, chemically ionizated fibers and web matrix into the elastomericcellular composite. The elastomeric composite may be combined with thethermal nonwoven by mechanical bonding, lamination or welding. Theelastomeric may be combined with a spacer fabric. The elastomericcomposite may have shaped fibers, hollow fibers, silver fibers, wrappedfibers or a blend and be treated with a chemical ionization to increasethe MVT properties in the composite. The elastomeric composite may beused by itself in any layer or in combination with any layer in thisinvention and especially in combination with a foam, a spacer fabrics,exterior shell material or nonwoven layer. The elastomeric composite maybe combined with MVT THERMAL composite nonwoven, the FreudenbergCOMFORTEMP nonwoven, Schoeller PCM nonwoven, nano-technology, PCMtechnology, a membrane or coating.

All the foam materials discussed herein are preferably AQUAZONE or VPF,Free rise foams made by Foamex, or the like or the foam layer may be anopen-cell frothed foam or slap foam. This open-cell, breathable foamlayer may be incorporated with any layer in this invention. In someperformance categories, the frothed foam may be combined with a moldablepolymer mesh to enhance product performance and strength. The open-cellfoam or frothed foam may add natural or synthetic fibers, a net orpolymer web matrix, Phase Change Technology, silica powder, air spheres,nano-technology or air gel technology spheres by ASPEN or the like.ASPEN air gels and nano-technology can be added to any fiber, fabric,foam, spacer material or nonwoven in this invention to increase theinsulated values, MVT performance or waterproofing characteristics inthe composite.

Optionally, the moisture transfer, frothed foam layers may be applied toany nonwoven, foam or fabric surface in a dot matrix with our withoutnano-technology, Phase Change Technology, air spheres, silica or thelike.

The frothed foam when selected for layer 20 or 30 may be combined withnatural or synthetic fibers or in some cases the frothed foam layer mayinclude a net or polymer web technology, a waterproof membrane or afilm. The membrane or film are optional and are used to add flexibility,structure and waterproof options for protective gear. The membrane iseliminated in a number of performance categories if the outer shellfabric or nonwoven material is encapsulated by Nextec, Toray, Kolon orthe like or is knitted-wovens treated to repel water or if theNANOSPHERE Technology has been added to waterproof the exterior shell inlayer 40. A waterproof membrane or film may be combined with theexterior fabrics or nonwovens containing nano-technology, encapsulatedtechnology or waterproof, knitted-wovens layer in the MVT system in someexterior performance apparel and footwear applications.

A number of patents have been issued to Triangle Research & DevelopmentCorp. disclosing details related to the processes now being employed byGateway Technologies, Schoeller Textil, Freudenberg COMFORTEMP, OutlastTechnology, and Invista. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,756,958 and5,366,801 are directed to fibers and fabrics with reversible enhancedthermal properties respectively. The disclosures of these two patentsare hereby incorporated by reference. Other patents assigned to TriangleResearch and Development Corp. that are related by subject matter andhave overlapping inventorship, include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,415,222,5,290,904, and 5,244,356. These patents are also hereby incorporated byreference.

The twelfth option for layer 20 is a flocked fiber composition. Onepreferred option is composed of grooved and shaped polyester fibers anda synthetic and natural fiber blend manufactured by Foss Manufacturingand Claremont Flock or the like. The flocked fiber blend with or withoutsilver fibers can be applied to any layer in this invention to increasethe MVT and thermal options in each layer. The silver fibers areanti-microbial and thermal. The flocked fiber composite added to theback side of the inner layer fabric may abut layers 20, 30, or 40 or theflocked fiber combination may be added between layer 10 and 40comprising an extremely thin composite apparel. Alternatively, a groupof selected nonwoven synthetic or natural fiber blends may be flockedinto the open-cell, elastomeric composite or spacer fabric in the layer20, 30 or the fibers may be flocked to the back side of the inner liningfabric or material or the outer shell exterior fabric or material. Anylayer or layers in the invention may be eliminated or combined in someperformance categories with the flocked fiber composition. For example,the inner lining MVT material may backed by a foam or film. The MVTThermal flocked blend would be attached to the back of the foam andin-between the exterior shell layer 40. The technical MVT compositesystem is welded, adhesively bonded, stitched or laminated to layer 40creating a MVT system and product. The MVT Thermal flock fiber blend maybe added to the back of layer 40 with an adhesive foam or film and abuta foam layer, elastomeric composite or MVT Thermal composite and theinner lining material or fabric and may be combined in the same manneras stated in the previous options. The MVT thermal flocked fiber isanti-microbial and is unique in its fiber selection and shape. Thefibers are hollow, split, shaped, grooved or with or without sliverFibers. This unique blend of natural and synthetic flocked fibersincreases the thermal and moisture transfer performance andanti-microbial properties in the moisture transfer composite system. TheMVT thermal flock is attached to a elastomeric composite layer inbetween layer 10 and layer 40 creating another option for a technicalMVT system and product. The MVT flocked fiber blend may be flocked toany layer in the MVT composite system including nonwovens, foams, filmsand membrane surfaces or the flock may be applied to the actual fiberfilament. In some performance categories the thermal flocked MVT layeris the inner lining surface layer attached to a fabric, foam, membrane,film or a nonwoven substrate. In one example, a MVT Thermal flockedfiber blend is applied to the surface of the nonwoven base and used as atechnical composite layer. This technical nonwoven MVT Thermal flockednonwoven composite layer is optional and may be mechanical bonding,adhesive or fused to another nonwoven composite creating a technicalinsulated material for extreme temperatures.

A similar layer of MVT thermal flocked fibers can be added to frothedfoam base, slap foam or open-cell free rise foam. A second foam layercan applied after the fibers have been added to the base foam. Thisstretchable, sandwich construction comprised of foam and MVT flockedfibers creates a foam composite for extreme temperatures. Both the foamand nonwoven composite mentioned above may additionally include aninternal matrix web enhance the MVT performance and increase thewaterproof attributes of a product. Both composites may include PhaseChange Technology and be combined with a soft-shell fabric.

The MVT Thermal flocked fibers are natural or synthetic or a blend offibers. The flocked fiber blend may contain wrapped fibers, hollowfibers, shaped channel fibers such as 4 to 8 DG polyester or alternativepolymer fibers. The MVT flocked blend may contain a number of enhancingadditives such as silica powder, air spheres, microspheres with PCMs(Phase Change Technology), ionized particles. The MVT flocked fiberblend may be treated with an ionized solution to enhance the MVTproperties or NANO-TEX or NANO-DRY. The flocked MVT composite isespecially recommended for a single layer exterior shell woven or knitfabric or nonwoven. The flocked composite with an environmentally,friendly adhesives is applied to the back side of the shell fabric ormaterial layer. The all-in-one layered MVT composite fabric, material ornonwoven creates a total package for shell garments and performanceapparel, activewear, footwear, helmet liners, shoulder strips, backpacks, or the like. A preferred embodiment is a MVT thermal flockedblend applied to a elastomeric composite or foam layer and a exteriorshell fabric or nonwoven. The MVT thermal flock contains a blend ofnatural and synthetic fibers such as wool, lyocel, SPANDEX®, elastine orthe like, shaped polyester fibers with or without silver fibers. Theshell fabric is elastomeric and waterproof.

This moisture transfer composite or flocked treatment to the exteriorshell fabric or material develops an all-in-one environmentallyfriendly, breathable waterproof, thermal, MVT, antimicrobial andextremely light and flexible garment. Optionally, a flocked fibercombination can be applied in a dot matrix pattern to a nonwoven, foamor fabric surface. The MVT thermal flocked fiber blend can bedistributed in a dot pattern or random pattern on the foam, nonwoven,fabrics, adhesive or films surface. In some performance option the flockcomposite blend contains nano-technology and or phase changetechnologies.

If desired, a membrane, film, flock or coating with or without PCMs,nano-technology air spheres, or gel spheres may be laminated between thefirst layer 10 and the second layer 20 or any layer in this invention.Optionally, the membrane, film or coated layer may have a flocked fiberblended applied to the surface between layer 20 and third layer 30 orthird layer 30 and the fourth layer 40 or optional layers. Layer 30 maybe a membrane in some performance categories. A coating with microscopicacrylic PCM's, gel or air spheres or the like may be added to thecoating and included in the nonwoven or foam in layer 20 or 30. Apolymer or foamed coating with or without PCM's, air, gel, silica,spheres, MVT enhancements optionally can be applied to the fibers in thenonwoven or fabric layers in any layer in the composite system. The foamenhancing treatment may be applied to foam, nonwovens, synthetic ornatural fibers or to the fabrics in this system by Hydrophilix Inc. Thehydrophlix foam application may be applied to the back of the inner orexterior shell fabric or nonwoven. Alternatively, an acrylic web matrixor an acrylic or polymer or foam dot matrix may be applied to a layer ofnonwoven or foam, the MVT THERMAL, or spacer fabric or spacer fabric andnonwoven in layers 20 or 30 or added to the back of the MVT fabric inlayer 10 or exterior shell fabric in layer 40. The acrylic dot matrixpattern makes an excellent carrying agent for PCM's air spheres, gel orMVT enhancement materials or treatment or the like and increases theflexibility and strength of a layer and performance attributes of theMVT composite system. All fibers, fabrics, foams and nonwovens can betreated with a wicking solution to increase the moisture transferproperties and characteristics.

The Outlast membrane with PCM Technology, Phase Change Technology in abinder, film or frothed foam disclosed by Gateway Technologies may belaminated or incorporated with the foam, nonwoven, fibers or fabric orthe PCM Technology may be embedded in the AQUAZONE, open-cell foam,fibers, nonwoven layer or fabrics or the like., COMFORTEMP Technology,SCHOELLER, PCM Technology and Outlast Technology are microencapsulatedtechnology which depending on the application can provide either warmingor cooling. If Schoeller PCM Technologies is selected, hydrophilic foamis used in the layer 20 and is referred to as COMFORTEMP or SchoellerPCMs. COMFORTEMP may be a foam layer or a nonwoven layer with PCMs. TheCOMFORTEMP nonwoven is manufactured by Freudenberg and may be an optionin any layer in this invention or combined with any layer in thisinvention. This invention employs VPF or AQUAZONE, or ahydrophilic/open-cell free rise, slap or frothed foams or coating withPhase Change Technology. The foam may be or may not be embedded with thePCM Technology and/or natural and synthetic fibers.

The addition of the Phase Change Technology to melt blown nonwoven fiberis presently marketed by Outlast as THEMOCULE, Invista fibers andnonwovens with Phase Change Technology, nonwovens by Freudenberg astrademarked as COMFORTEMP nonwovens or by Schoeller Textil trademarkedSchoeller PCM. The PCM nonwoven developed by Schoeller, Freudenberg,Alhstrom, 3MM, Outlast or Invista products or the like with Phase Changematerials can be used in any layer in this invention or combined withany layer in this invention. The Outlast/Invista nonwoven with PCMs,Schoeller nonwoven or Freudenberg PCM, 3MM, Alhstrom nonwoven thermalfibers with Phase Change, THERMOLITE with or without Phase ChangeTechnology or THINSULITE with or without Phase Change Technology orTHERMOSENCE by Wisconsin Global Technology or a down technical fillingby NAPTURAL is an option in layer 20 or layer 30. Layer 30 may be athermal nonwoven such as THERMOLITE, THINSULITE or PRIMOLOFT or anyinsulated nonwoven product. In one option layer 30 has microspherescontaining air in a binder applied to a nonwoven or fabric backing. Allsynthetics and natural fibers, fabrics and nonwoven layers in thisinvention may have the option to be treated with Phase ChangeTechnology, nano-technology or a micro-sphere technology to increase themoisture transfer and thermal properties in the fiber or layer. Thisinvention is inclusive of any coating, additive, treatment or fiber thatincreases the thermal or MVT characteristic of the layers in the MVTsystem. All the insulated materials listed above may include kapok orwool fiber or a blend to increase thermal and floatation properties.THERMOLITE and THINSULITE are additionally enhanced with anti-microbialproperties and split, shaped, grooved, stretchable elastic fibers and/orhollow fibers. A blend of one or more natural or synthetic fibers can beadded to the THERMOLITE or THINSULITE nonwoven to increase thermal andmoisture transfer performance. Optionally, a layer of foam may bemechanically bonded to the THERMOLITE or THINSULITE layer to increasethe thermal and moisture performance levels.

The MVT layered system disclosed as 1-4 layers may have additionallayers or may be one layer with multiple functions. The addition ofmembranes or films as suggested or thermal nonwoven or foam layers maybe applicable in the development for extreme apparel and footwearproducts. The MVT system may also be an all-in-one product layerdescribed as a flocked fabric or material or a flocked thermal compositedeveloping a single layer composite product. In one alternative theflocked fiber, antimicrobial blend is added to the back of an inner MVTfabric or material layer 10 or the back of an outer shell material orfabric layer 40. This one layer composite system is extremely thin andcan be worn as a shirt, pants, jacket or the like. For example, in thewater sports apparel category the exterior shell waterproof material maybe backed with a MVT Thermal flock fiber blend and promote warmth anddryness in the inner atmosphere of the surfing or diving suit. Theflocked fiber composite blend can be added to the encapsulated exteriorshell denims, cottons, wools and wool blends, Cordura® nylons, stretchCordura® or any inner lining or shell fabric or material. In fact, anystructural knitted or woven fabric or nonwoven may have a MVT flockedsystem applied to one side or both, and these flocked fiber layercomposites may be used as a completed product line or may beincorporated into this multi-layered MVT system. The flocked fiber blendincorporates a breathable and environmentally friendly adhesive.Optionally, this extremely thin composite MVT flocked layer may beapplied to the back of any layer in the MVT system.

The combination of the foam and top sheet forming second layer 20 can beproduced in at least three different ways. According to one way, secondlayer 20 is produced by laminating or welding a top sheet to the foam.According to another way, the second layer 20 is a cellular elastomericcomposite in which the top sheet and the foam have been fused togetherby water pressure. If the elastomeric composite is used in layer 20,then it is suggested the composite be needled or welded to layer 10, 30or additional layers. A complete description of the elastomericcomposite is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,074,966 and other patents andapplications by Frank Zlatkus. In some options, layer 20 can be omittedand the MVT THERMAL or the foam abuts layer 40 or additional layers. Allbreathable foam layers in this invention may have added synthetic ornatural fibers or a blend of fibers or polymer mesh to increaseperformance properties.

Any layer in this invention can be omitted to accommodate the productcriteria. Any layer in this invention can be chemically ionizated,treated with nano-technology to increase the MVT rates and drying rates.The exterior shell fabric is presented in the invention as waterproof,but in some performance categories waterproofing is optional. In severalperformance categories layer 20 is eliminated and layer 30 becomes thelayer 20.

The third layer 30 much as layer 20 may vary in material and compositionwith the performance criteria. Layer 30 may be a stretchable nonwoven,foam, nonwoven and foam composite, spacer fabric, spacer fabric andnonwoven or foam combination, an elastomeric composite, a membrane, filmor the exterior shell fabric depending on the performance category. Ifthe third layer 30 is a breathable membrane or film or includes abreathable membrane or film, it is preferable to select one of thesuggested membranes or films: TX1540 by Shawmut Mills, SECO-TEC,THINTECH, LAYTEK, WITOFLEX SYMPATEX WINDLER, SYNTHETIC ELASTIC,ENDURANCE TRIAD, STORM TEX, DARTEX COATINGS, ACCUVENT, eVENT, AQUAPHILE,Super Dry Film by Bazenden Chemicals (a water-based hydrophilicpolyurethane membrane) membranes, treatments or films by HarrisonTechnology or Ciba Chemicals such as DURAPEL PLUS, TRAVTECH, HYPER DWR,ENTRANT G-XT OR eVENT FABRICS or the like. Nano-technology may beincluded in layer 30 with the nonwoven or membrane. A spacer materialmay be added to any layer 10 to 40 with or without Phase ChangeTechnology, coating by Darlex Coatings, breathable membranes ornano-technology or the like. The nano-technology, Teflon® treatments,coatings, films or membranes can be added to either side of the spacermaterial or fabric.

The waterproof/breathable membranes may be combined with Phase ChangeTechnology, silica micro-spheres and acrylic micro-spheres with air, gelor the like. The breathable membrane or breathable films can be appliedto any layer in the invention. The breathable membrane and films absorbthe outgoing moisture and transfer it to the garment surface whileproviding a waterproof barrier for the garment. The membrane, coating orfilm or polymer stretch resin is laminated to the inner side of theouter shell fabric, but can be applied to any layer in this inventionwhen necessary. A film, polymer stretch resin, or coating may be appliedto the exterior shell fabric to provide waterproofing in the absence ofthe membrane, nano-technology or encapsulated fabrics. In someperformance categories a membrane may be combined with a fabric that hasbeen treated with a waterproof film or coating to increase thewaterproof protection. If the outer fabric is encapsulated, treated withnano-technology or structurally woven to repel water, the breathablemembrane is not necessary. Optionally, a thermal foam spray applied tothe shell fabric to increase thermal performance and enhance windresistant properties. For colder conditions, such as for temperaturesbelow 32° F., an additional insulating layer may also be provided alongwith the PCM membrane or coating. PCM Technologies can be added to athermal spray, coating, polymer stretch resin or the surface of amembrane or film to increase the thermal performance. This insulatinglayer 20, or 30 is preferably THERMOLITE thin or EXTREME (manufacturedby DuPont®), a hydrophilic foam with or with out PCM, with a spacerfabric or the MVT THERMAL composite, elastomeric nonwovens or compositesor the like. All layers and fibers can be optionally treated with achemical ionization, an electrically charged solution to increase theMVT performance levels or nano-technology.

Preferably, the breathable membrane may be inserted between layer 30 and40. The THERMOLITE line of nonwoven owned by Invista/Koch Industries canbe treated with chemical ionization to increase the moisture transferproperties, and the PCM can be contained in a nonwoven microspherecomprised of a polymer and fibers, an air, polymer or silica sphere or agel base to increase the thermal capacity of the nonwoven layer.THERMOLITE, 2000/PLUS/STANDARD/1300 series etc., SSOFTHERM or THINSULITEcan be needled laminated, or welded to the MVT THERMAL composite byBaychar and Foss Manufacturing. Alternatively, this layer, like others,can be omitted entirely in certain applications. Holofibers by Wellmanor shaped fibers can be added to any layer or insulative layer in thisinvention.

The fourth or outer shell layer 40 abuts either the laminated breathablemembrane, breathable waterproof film, flocked fiber composite asmentioned above, a foam, a foam composite with fibers, mesh spacerfabric or a combination, a nonwoven or an insulating nonwoven, nonwovenand foam, a nonwoven with a polymer web or nonwoven with a dottedpattern with or without PCMs, a MVT THERMAL composite, SSOFTHERM bothmanufactured by Foss Manufacturing, the elastomeric composite material,a spacer fabric, a spacer fabric and foam composite, an adhesive, afilm, or acrylic or polymer web matrix in the third layer 20 or 30. Ifthe outer layer is a material that is encapsulated by Nextec, Toray orthe like, or if it is a performance fabric such as DERMIZAX by Toray, orMICROFT, which is distributed by Teijin Limited, then the third layer 30abuts the fourth layer 40, but is not laminated thereto. Technicaltextiles are continuously developing to include fiber treatments thatwaterproof the exterior shell materials and fabrics. This inventioncovers waterproof treatments and applications to the fabric, nonwoven orshell material, inner lining material abutting the exterior material,nonwoven or shell fabric or the inner layers of the nonwoven, materialor shell fabric. The boundaries formerly defining a fabric or a nonwovenhave begun to merge. Knits, spacers, nonwovens, films, webs and wovensare combined into technical composite textiles or constructions mergingthe lines between woven and knitted fabrics, and nonwovens. Syntheticand natural fibers may be microscopically wrapped, included in or fusedwith polymers, foams, resins, membranes or films and are defined aseither a nonwoven or a material. Many of the technical definitions for anonwoven and fabrics are merging and re-defining the technical compositehistory. This invention addresses the technical composites soft shellapparel, medical and industrial applications.

All fibers, fabrics or nonwovens listed below may be treated, coated,impregnated or thermally bonded by Strahm Textiles or the like. Theouter shell material may be treated with a UV protective. The UVtreatments may be incorporated into the fiber, fabric or nonwoven layeror may be applied with a waterproof coating or include with a BionicFinish.

The following is a list of outer moisture transfer materials that couldbe used as the outer layer 40:

Cotton-polyester blend with a breathable membrane, encapsulation,nano-technology, or Bionic Finish. (several choices);

Cotton blend encapsulated with or without Bionic Finish;

Cotton and wool blend encapsulated with or without Bionic Finish;

Cotton denim or chino encapsulated or nano-technology;

Cotton denim or chino waterproof breathable membrane;

Wool fabrics or nonwovens with encapsulation, nano-technology, BionicFinish or a combination;

Stretch fabrics COMFORTREL XP® SENSURA® SPUNNAIRE® COMFORTREL PLUS®ULTURA®;

Dri-Release performance fabric;

ASF fabric with IST Technology;

Anti-friction fabrics by Sheehan;

2/3 ply Supplex encapsulated;

2/3 ply Supplex waterproof breathable membrane;

6-ply Taslan encapsulated/waterproof breathable membrane;

Tudor by Travis encapsulated/waterproof breathable membrane;

Mojave/Twister by Travis encapsulated/waterproof breathable membrane;

Cordura® encapsulated/waterproof breathable membrane;

Micro-Technical II sanded or Micro-Technical III Sanded by Brookwoodencapsulated or membrane;

Citation Sanded or Jet-Laund by Brookwood encapsulated or breathablemembrane;

Encapsulated Supplex by Toray;

Dermizax fabrics by Toray;

Entrant Gil by Toray;

Super-microft distributed by Teijin Shojin or ASF;

Lothian coated fabrics;

Tweave stretch fabrics;

Sensitive stretch fabrics;

POLARTEC® fabrics and nonwovens;

Gymstar Plus by Unitika;

Tuflex-HR by Unitika;

Schoeller WB-400;

Schoeller Dryskin;

Schoeller encapsulated fabrics;

Schoeller Dynamic Extreme;

Schoeller Keprotec;

Schoeller Dynatec;

Schoeller Keprotec with Inox;

Schoeller NanoSphere fabrics;

Schoeller WB 400 fabrics;

Schoeller Kevlar, Cordura® or composites with foam, nonwovens or bothand PCMs;

Nam Liong, Toray, Teijin Shojin exterior shell performance fabrics andmaterials;

Micro-polyester fabrics distributed by Teijin Shojin;

Structurally knitted acrylic wool, with or without encapsulation (madeby Toray), distributed by Teijin Shojin or ASF Group, Kyodo Sangyo Co.Ltd. (a structurally knitted fabric that repels water);

Vinyl materials with a nonwoven backing and plastics fabrics by TessileFlorentina, Baikfan, or Teijin Shojin, these groups include Errebi,101659-01669-01676-1271, 57006-800, and 43005-870;

Somatex, which is a neoprene type of material that is breathable;

Darlexx, which is a LYCRA® type of material and is to be used in theunderarm portions of certain apparel;

Kolon HIPAN-Coolskin;

GoreTex soft shell composites and fabric;

Schoeller PCM composite constructed of exterior shell fabric with orwithout nano-technology, PCM foam and a knitted or nonwoven top sheet,or Schoeller exterior shell fabrics, foam with or with out PCM and anonwoven top sheet with PCM Technology;

Kolon HIPAN-THERMOSKIN or HIPAN-CLASSIC;

Kolon waterproof, MVT and stretch fabrics;

Consoltex 4 way stretch fabrics;

Hipora waterproof breathable fabric by Kolon;

Toray Stunner QD family of fabrics;

Toray Cebonner hollow fibers denim fabric;

Freudenberg Nonwovens such as Evolon®, Vilon® and Novolon®;

Stretch elastomeric nonwovens by Baychar Textils, FoxRun Technologies,or the or the like;

Evolon® VIDONA® and Novolon®;

IBQ fabrics

Ripstop Hardline fabric; and

Wool and wool blends which include one or more of the following:acrylic, LYCRA®, LANTOL® by DuPont®, polyester, cotton, lyocel andnylon. These fabrics are made of yarns and are hydrophobic. Wool andwool blends are provided by Euromotte, Inc. of Belgium, and/or Toray inJapan. These fabrics are either pure wool, wool blends, or acrylics thatare knitted with hydrophilic yarns so as to be waterproof. This is ineffect an encapsulation process or treated with a nano-technology.

Any fabric or nonwoven in the exterior shell layer can be treated withwaterproofing by DWR, Teflon® or silicon treatments or the likemembranes, coatings, encapsulation, films, wrapped fibers, internal websand/or nano-technology. The nano-technology, microscopic treatmentcreates a chemical sleeve or framework around the fiber and enhances theselected performance criteria. Nano-technology Teflon® or siliconetreatments can be applied in a spray to a fabric or nonwoven surface towaterproof and protect the fabric or material. Nano-spheres may also beimplanted into the synthetic fiber filament walls to waterproof a fabricsurface. Nano-particles increase durability and performance. Theexterior fabrics or material may be waterproofed with the NANOSPHERETechnology by Schoeller Textile

Nano-technology may optionally waterproof or increase moisture transferproperties in a fabric or nonwoven. Inner lining material or fabric MVTcharacteristics can be enhanced by NANO-DRY by Burlington Fabrics orNANO-TEX. Nano-Dry technology perforates the synthetic fiber walls withsilica particles and allows moisture to move quickly from the fibersurface. Alternatively, nano-technology can chemically developed amolecular sleeve or framework of silicates around the fiber filament andincrease the moisture transfer or waterproof performance.Nano-technology may be applied to the molecular structure of a fiber oraround the fiber. Additionally, nano-technology can be applied along afiber in Nano Channels. Nano Channels are created to control the flow ofminuscule amounts of fluid. The channels have elliptical edges whichpermit fluid to flow freely along the fiber enhancing the MVT rates. Atransparent substance of silicon, silicon dioxide or glass is heated andapplied to the fibers. The nano-technology may be thermally sprayed.Inframat Corporation has developed a patented process for thermal sprayof nano-structured, by which the nano-particles can be reconstitutedinto spherical micron-sized granular particles that can be thermallysprayed. The nano-technology can be thermally sprayed onto any layer inthis MVT system and especially to the exterior soft-shell fabric ormaterial layer. The NANOSPHERE technology is self-cleaning and stainresistant. Preferably nano-technology is developed by BurlingtonTechnologies, Toray International, Inframat Corporation, Ardesta,Nanophase Technologies Corporation, Caliper, Nanosys, Cambrios, andInnovalight.

This invention further enhances the elastomeric nonwoven and elastomericcellular nonwoven to a durable exterior shell waterproof material byadding Teflon®, nano treatments and fibers such as nylon, Kelvar® andCordura® fiber blends to the nonwoven base. These exterior soft-shellnonwoven materials are breathable, moisture transferable and waterproofand can be treated with UV and soil resistant properties.

The preferable waterproof/breathable, elastomeric nonwoven andelastomeric cellular nonwoven exterior soft-shell material transfersmoisture and may optionally include anti-microbial fibers,nano-technology and thermal regulated materials. In one option, theelastomeric nonwoven is waterproofed with an inserted continuous porousweb structure invented by Caldwell. The porous web structure may beplaced in the middle of the elastomeric nonwoven layer or justunderneath the top or back surface. The porous web structure placementdetermines the level of waterproof performance and breathability of anonwoven layer. The Caldwell encapsulation waterproof process isdescribed in his patents U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,876,792, 5,004,643 and5,418,051 and is suggested for all exterior shell materials in thisinvention. The elastomeric nonwoven is optionally waterproofed byencapsulating the fibers by Toray International. Toray Internationalencapsulates fibers with silicone or polymer material. The encapsulatedand coated fibers or threads are then combined into a nonwoven layerfused foam polymer or resin to develop the waterproof elastomericnonwoven or nonwoven cellular in this invention. The elastomericnonwoven layer may include antimicrobial silver fibers or treatments.Phase Change materials, fibers or a nonwoven layer or film containingPhase Change Technology may be added to the elastomeric nonwoven orelastomeric cellular nonwoven.

This invention develops encapsulated or nano-treated elastomericnonwovens that are breathable, extremely durable and waterproof.Optionally, the elastomeric nonwovens are anti-microbial and thermalregulated with fibers or with Phase Change Technology.

Incorporated by reference is Caldwell U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,004,643 and5,418,051. The Caldwell encapsulation process and encapsulation by Torayare both excellent waterproofing options and may be combined withnano-technologies.

The suggested exterior shell materials, used layer 10, 20, 30, or 40,are laminated to a breathable membrane, stretch resin, or treated withencapsulation, a waterproof film, adhesive or treatment, a thermal orfoam nano-spray, nano-technologies or are woven man-made fabricsstructurally knitted or woven to repel water. These structurally wovenor knitted fabrics do not require encapsulation, nano-technology orbreathable membranes to waterproof the garment. The can be combined withnano technology, Phase Change Technology or ionized treatments. Thenano-spray developed with light weight environmentally adhesives andpolymers can contain a phase change material. The preferred waterprooffabrics are Microft by Teijin Shojin, Gymstar Plus and Tuflex-HR, bothby Unitika, Ltd. Another preferable fabric is a structurally knittedacrylic or acrylic blends, which may be encapsulated and distributed byASF and made by Toray, for example. A number of marketed waterproofexterior films and treatment could be added as an option for snowboardapparel, especially for areas covering an individual's knees, elbows,and buttocks area. These films (DWRs) are applied by fabricmanufacturers themselves. This film may or may not be used withencapsulation but may be used in combination with the waterproofbreathable membrane systems. High abrasive materials, preferably Kevlar®Fabrics by Schoeller, may also be added along areas of pants, elbows,pocket lines, cuffs, and buttock areas.

All technical apparel will preferably have seams hot melted oradhesively sealed to prevent moisture from entering along stitchinglines. The extreme apparel will add zipped underarm vents to aid inmoisture release and will contain a hydrophilic open-cell foam collarband and wristband covers by inner fabric selection to absorb excessmoisture and transport it away from the individual. A rain gut along thefront shirt zipper line may be added to aid in moisture transfer.

Examples 2-6 illustrate various applications of the present invention ascontemplated by the inventor. These applications are discussed, by wayof example only. More specifically, examples 2-6 illustrate variousstyles of shirts/jackets incorporating the present invention indifferent combinations. These all-in-one moisture transfer compositesystems of waterproof technical apparel create the entire layered systemof the jacket. The examples represent different types of apparelconstructed from the following composite materials. It is once againmentioned that Phase Change and nano-technology can be combined with thematerials or composites listed below, although not specificallymentioned. In other words, Phase Change Technologies or nano-technologymicrosphere technology can be combined with the foam materials, films,stretch resins, breathable membranes, THERMOLITE, or a nonwoven layer,or any of the outer shell materials or fabrics. Outlast/Phase ChangeTechnologies (PCM) can also be combined with encapsulation by Nextec,Toray or the like or nano-technology for use in the outer layer 40.

Nano-technology or Teflon® treatments and Phase Change Technology can becombined for thermal regulation and waterproofing.Nano-Tex/nano-technology and Phase Change Technology may be furthercombined for moisture transfer properties and waterproof in the outershell layer. Nano-technology and Nano-tex by Burlington, Toray,Schoeller or the like may be applied to any layer in this invention toincrease moisture transfer performance. Of course, Outlast or PhaseChange Technologies can also be used by itself.

This invention develops elastomeric nonwovens in a single layerconstruction or elastomeric composite nonwovens in a multi-layerconstruction with one or more options such as breathable, open-cell foammaterial, polymer stretch resin, polymer web matrix, or a pre-madebreathable, moisture transfer nonwoven layer. The nonwoven layer may bean aperture nonwoven, a high loft spun bond nonwoven or the like, or aair-laid, dry-laid or polymer-laid product.

The following examples are disclose preferable combinations for thetechnical composite apparel use MVT moisture vapor transfer compositesand waterproof soft shell materials.

Example 1 is preferably formed by a layer 40 formed from a cotton blendfabric that is encapsulated and may include denim and chino fabrics.Inside of layer 40 is a layer 20 which is a cellular elastomericcomposite of an open-cell breathable, hydrophilic 1/16″ to ¼ foam havinga moisture absorbent and transfer nonwoven top sheet. Inside of layer 20is a layer 10 of any of the inner liner materials listed above inconnection with layer 10. According to this application, layer 30 isomitted.

Example Two has a layer 40 of a natural fiber such as cotton or wool ora blend encapsulated abutting layer 20, a THERMOLITE Extreme,THINSULITE, Microloft, MVT Thermal or the like, with or without PhaseChange Technologies and/or hydrophilic open-cell foam. The nonwovenTHERMOLITE may be mechanically combined with a breathable, open-cellfoam or breathable, open-cell foam and absorbent and moisture transfernonwoven. THERMOLITE or THINSULITE can be combined with the MVT Thermalcomposite described in this invention for increasing moisture transferand thermal properties. The preferably open-cell foam is AQUAZONE or VPFdeveloped by Foamex. Inside layer 20 is layer 10 which can be any of theinner liner materials mentioned above in connection with layer 10. Layer30 is omitted.

Example Three has a layer 40 that is a wool/cotton/acrylic/polyesterblend or an elastomeric nonwoven. Inside layer 40 is a layer 30 which isa waterproof breathable membrane adhesive or film. Inside layer 30 is alayer 10 which is one of various inner liner materials. Layer 20 isomitted. Phase Change and/or nano-technology can be added to any layerin this apparel item.

Example Four is a layer 40 that is a wool/cotton/acrylic/polyester blendor an breathable moisture transfer elastomeric nonwoven. Inside layer 40is layer 30 which is a waterproof breathable membrane. Inside layer 30is a layer 20 which is either MVT Thermal, THERMOLITE orreticulated/open-cell hydrophilic foam with or without Phase ChangeTechnology. If breathable, open-cell foam is used, AQUAZONE or VPF ispreferred. Also, the MVT THERMAL, THERMOLITE and foam may be combined.Inside layer 20 is layer 20 of one of the inner liner materials. PhaseChange and/or nano-technology can be added to any layer in this apparelitem.

Example Five is a layer 20 of a nylon or nylon blend such as stretchCordora® by IBQ or Schoeller, an breathable, moisture transferelastomeric nonwoven, 2/4 Supplex, 6-ply Taslan, Cordura®,Micro-Technical II and III, Citation Sanded, Tudor, Mojave, TwisterTravis Fabrics, Kevlar® Fabrics, laminated to a breathable membrane orencapsulated outer fabrics. Inside of layer 40 is a layer 30 ofTHERMOLITE, THINSULITE or a MVT Thermal composite. Instead ofTHERMOLITE, a reticulated/open-cell hydrophilic foam may be used, or maybe combined with the THERMOLITE, THINSULITE and an open-cell, breathablefoam or a MVT THERMAL and THERMOLITE or THINSULITE. Inside layer 30 is alayer 20 of a cellular elastomeric composite. Inside layer of 20 is alayer 10 of one of the inner liner materials. Phase Change Material(PCM) and or nano-technology can be added to any layer in this apparelitem.

Example Six is a layer 40 of Gymstar Plus or Microft Super structuralconstructed water-repellent fabrics or an elastomeric nonwoven. Insidelayer of 40 is a layer 20 of a nonwoven and foam composite with orwithout a breathable membrane 30 between layers 40 and 20. Inside layerof 20 is a layer 10 of one of the inner liner materials. Phase ChangeMaterial (PCM) and/or nano-technology can be added to any layer in thisapparel item.

Example Seven is a layer 40 of Gymstar Plus, Super Microft, Tuflex-HR,abutting a THINSULITE or THERMOLITE Extreme, MVT THERMAL, hydrophilic,breathable, open-cell foam or a combination a nonwoven and foam orTHINSULITE or THERMOLITE with a foam and or nonwoven blend. Inside ofthis layer 40 is a layer 20 which is a breathable, moisture transfer,cellular elastomeric composite or an elastine nonwoven manufactured byFreudenberg or a breathable, open-cell, foam with a moisture transfer,breathable, absorbent nonwoven composite laminated to a top sheetlaminated thereto. A breathable membrane 30 can optionally be addedbetween layers 20 and 40.

Example Eight has a layer 40 made of one of the possible fabricsmentioned above, except Gymstar Plus or Super-Microft waterproofbreathable membrane or technology. Inside of layer 40 is a layer 20which is a breathable, moisture transfer, cellular elastomericcomposite. Inside of layer 20 is a layer 10 of one of the inner linermaterials. Phase Change Technology and/or nano-technology can be addedto any layer in this apparel item.

Example Nine has a layer 40 made of one of the possible fabricsmentioned above, except Gymstar Plus or Super-Microft, treated with awaterproof technology. Inside layer 40 is a layer 30 a layer ofTHERMOLITE or a MVT THERMAL. Layer 20 is an open-cell, breathable,reticulated or hydrophilic open-cell foam with a nonwoven top sheet.Inside of layer 30 or layer 20 is a layer 10 of one of the inner linermaterials. Phase Change and/or nano-technology can be added to any layerin this apparel item.

Example Ten is a layer of MVT inner lining material or fabric backed byMVT thermal flocked fiber blend abutting an exterior shell fabric ormaterial. The MVT thermal flock is attached to a stretch resin orelastomeric nonwoven composite in between the inner lining material andouter shell material. The exterior shell fabric or material isoptionally waterproofed by encapsulation, Teflon®, nano-technologymembrane, film, internal web, matrix, nano-spray or coating.

Example Eleven is a MVT inner lining material abutting a MVT THERMALcomposite or CHAMELEON composite and exterior shell fabric or material.The exterior shell fabric or material is optionally waterproofed byencapsulation, nano-technology, membrane, film, internal web, matrix,Teflon or the like, silicone or a nano-spray or coating.

Example Twelve is a MVT fabric or material abutting elastomeric nonwovencomposite and a MVT THERMAL or CHAMELEON composite and exterior shellfabric or material. The exterior shell fabric or material is optionallywaterproofed by encapsulation, nano-technologies, membrane, film,internal web, matrix or coating.

Example Thirteen is a MVT fabric or material backed by a stretch resinand a moisture transfer, thermal flocked fiber blend and is a singleperformance layer apparel product.

Example Fourteen is an exterior shell MVT fabric or material backed by astretch resin, open-cell foam layer or adhesive and a moisture transfer,thermal flocked fiber blend and is a single performance layer apparelproduct. This single layer exterior shell material or fabric may bewaterproof. The flocked fiber blend may completely cover the fabricsurface or be applied in a dot matrix.

Example Fifteen is MVT THERMAL composite first layer 10 and an exteriorshell fabric or elastomeric nonwoven or an elastomeric nonwovencomposite.

Example Sixteen is a MVT fabric, material or elastomeric nonwoven orelastomeric nonwoven composite in layer 10 abutting a MVT Thermal,CHAMELEON nonwoven composite or a Freudenberg Phase Change nonwoven andan exterior shell mesh, elastomeric nonwoven or fabric. The exteriorshell may be waterproofed.

Example Seventeen is a MVT fabric or material abutting a spacer fabricand exterior shell fabric. This exterior shell fabric may bewaterproofed in some options.

Example Eighteen is a MVT fabric or material abutting a spacer fabric, afoam and exterior shell fabric. This exterior shell fabric may bewaterproofed in some options.

Example Nineteen is a MVT fabric or material abutting a cellularelastomeric composite, a spacer fabric, foam and exterior shell fabric.This exterior shell fabric may be waterproofed in some options.

Example Twenty has a MVT fabric or material abutting a MVT THERMALcomposite or Freudenberg nonwoven or Schoeller PCM nonwoven, spacerfabric and exterior shell fabric. This exterior shell fabric may bewaterproofed in some options.

Example Twenty-One has a MVT fabric or material abutting a foam, MVTTHERMAL or Freudenberg nonwoven and/or composite, spacer fabric andexterior shell fabric. This exterior shell fabric may be waterproofed insome options.

Example Twenty-Two has a MVT fabric or material abutting a foam, MVTTHERMAL or Freudenberg or Schoeller PCM nonwoven, spacer fabric, foamand exterior shell fabric. This exterior shell fabric may bewaterproofed in some options.

Example Twenty-Three has an inner moisture transfer fabric or materialabutting a nonwoven fibrous layer with polyester fibers. The nonwovenhaving a foamed or adhesive dotted surface pattern containing PhaseChange or nano-technology or a combination and a outer shell materialtreated to have waterproof properties.

Example Twenty-Four is a waterproof shell material backed by a blend offlocked fiber in a solid layer or patterned surface containing shaped,hollow, grooved fibers and silver anti-microbial fibers. A compositefabric that is warm and anti-microbial for rain gear and the like.

The examples presented above are various composite combinationspresented in this invention. The technical composites can be realized ondifferent parts in different types of apparel or as the entire garment.Other variations are also possible given the range of combinations thatare possible in this invention.

It may be noted in this invention that there are no stated specifiedrates of breathability or moisture transfer. The selected products andperformance category in the product line determine the selectedbreathable and moisture transfer rates. The MVT and breathable rates aredeveloped by the selected fibers, foams and materials for thesetechnical composites product systems and are determined by theperformance level and product company.

The microfiber technology disclosed above is rapidly developing andchanging and has greatly increased the potential for improvedperformance of products such as performance apparel, provided that theyare properly utilized as in the present invention. These new productsare part of rapidly developing technical textile technology. The presentinvention employs a combination of fabrics, foam layers, nonwovens,spacer fabrics, breathable membranes, encapsulated technology,structurally woven water repellent fabrics, or waterproof film coatingsin such combinations that increase the performance of the products inwhich they are used as well as increase the breathability. There aremany new membranes on the market to select from with excellentbreathable and moisture transfer properties. The invention furtherdiscloses a waterproof breathable, MVT Thermal end-use performancegarment as site in the above examples and additional compositecombinations. The MVT Thermal may be treated with nano-technology,encapsulation or waterproof treatments.

The invention further discloses a waterproof breathable, moisturetransfer spacer fabrics end-use performance garment. The MVT Thermal maybe treated with nano-technology, encapsulation or waterproof treatment.

Spacer fabric garment is developed in several unique ways. In oneoption, the first layer of the spacer fabric is a inner moisturetransfer nonwoven layer close to the body and the first layer of thegarment. The nonwoven layer is attached to the fibrous material in themiddle comprised of nonwoven shaped, grooved and hollow filaments and aknitted construction in this third layer. The nonwoven in the firstlayer may also replace the knitted third layer. The nonwoven layer maybe coated with a Phase Change material and/or nano-technology andcontain silver anti-microbial fibers. The breathable, flexible spacerproducts may comprise a portion or the entire garment and may be treatedwith waterproof treatments. Optionally, these light weight breathablespace composites or garments may include fibers treated withencapsulation or nano-technology. Both natural and synthetic fibers maybe included in the spacer products. Wool, cotton, lyocel, elastine,acetate, acrylic and others may be added to the fiber blends.

The invention further discloses a waterproof breathable, moisturetransfer, waterproof elastomeric, nonwoven treated with nano-technologyand/or soil retardant treatments for use in a technical end-useperformance shell garments or technical composite apparel.

FIG. 1 represents composite combinations of technical, elastomeric,moisture transfer composites systems or single layer inner lining (10)and soft shell materials or fabrics (40) combined with layer (20) andlayer (30) comprised of multi-layered foam and nonwoven thermalcomposite systems.waterproofed with nano-technology, membranes, films(DWR)'s encapsulation or the like.

FIG. 2 represents a technical garment with an exterior shell waterproof,stretchable, soft shell materials or fabric (400) backed by a moisturetransfer nonwoven (300) treated with a foamed dotted pattern containingPhase Change Technology or nano-technology (200).

FIG. 3 represents a technical alpine garment with multiple layeredoptions disclosed in examples one through twenty-three. This garment maycombine a number of options in the inner lining fabric or materials(200), sleeves (400) and back and front panels (700) and neck (100) andsleeve (400) and waist (600) and (500) cuff areas. The selectedcomposites and construction depends on the performance criteria.

In FIG. 4 this Casual Tech garment can be comprised of a selected softshell material (500), but is preferably a waterproof, stretch cotton,polyester or nylon fabric or a blend containing nano-technology (600).The face fabric of the garment is backed by a moisture transfer nonwoven(400) by Baychar textiles and inner lining material (700) by coville orDeercreek fabrics or the like. The sleeves (200) can optionally containan elastomeric composite and the pocket (100) can be seam welded withadhesives.

In FIG. 5 this Casual Tech garment is an example of an the innermoisture transfer materials (100) and an outer soft shell fabricselected from the IBQ, Toray or Schoeller stretch cordura or brushednylon blends (600 and 300) treated with waterproof and soil resistanttechnology. The inner moisture transfer fabric (100) is backed by andelastomeric foam and nonwoven composites (500). The collar 700 and (200)are comprised of a moisture transfer brushed fabric or nonwoven andwaterproof nano-technology. The waist (400) is a stretchable moisturetransfer waistband with an inner moisture transfer fabric and outershell fabric as disclosed in layer (600).

FIG. 6 is a lightweight breathable Casual Tech shirt comprised of aexterior soft shell material preferably waterproof cotton or nylonzip-up shirt with an moisture transfer nonwoven and foam composite layer(300) and an inner moisture transfer elastomeric fabric (100). Thecollar (200) is comprised of a lightweight breathable moisture transferstretchable elastine material. The shoulders are a durable corduroy or abrushed fleece or wool (800). The front and back panels (700) arestretchable cotton or nylon blends and the cuffs (500) and waist band(500) are a durable Kelvar® or Cordura® stretch fabric. Optionally, aflocked layer can replace the inner moisture transfer fabric or becombined with another layer for added warmth. The seamless seamtechnology is applied to the pocket and garment seams of samplegarments. The inner moisture transfer nonwovens layers may have a dottedphase change material on the nonwoven surface in layer in these examplesand others as constructed by examples and the invention combinations.

While the present invention has been described above in connection withthe preferred embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art would beenabled by this disclosure to make various modifications to thedisclosed embodiments and still be within the scope and spirit of thepresent invention as recited in the appended claims.

What is claimed:
 1. An article of apparel, of which at least a portionof the article is a combination of moisture transfer, breathable andanti-microbial layers comprising: a first layer comprised of abreathable inner lining fabric or material comprised of polypropylene,nylon, polyester, natural fibers or a blend thereof; a second layer,abutting the first layer, comprised of an absorbent, moisturetransferring, anti-microbial, mechanically bonded composite nonwovenmaterial containing deep grooved polymer fibers, with at least fourgrooves, shaped polymer fibers, and antimicrobial silver fibers; and athird fabric layer comprised of a stretchable, breathable, hydrophobicpolyester, polypropylene or nylon fibers.
 2. The article of apparelaccording to claim 1, wherein the second nonwoven layer includes naturalfibers and hollow fibers.
 3. The article of apparel according to claim1, wherein at least one layer is treated with thermal regulatingtechnology.
 4. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein thefirst, second or third fabric layer includes of a blend of syntheticshaped polymer fibers and natural wool, cotton and/or lyocell fibers. 5.The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the third layer iscoated by a breathable, waterproof adhesive, coating, a film,encapsulation web technology or nano technology for waterproofing. 6.The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the third layer istreated with a breathable, waterproof, thermally regulated microspheretechnology and nano-technology for waterproofing.
 7. The article ofapparel according to claim 1, wherein the second nonwoven layer includeswool fibers.
 8. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein thesecond layer contains hollow, split or shaped polyester or acrylicpolymer fibers and silver polymer fibers.
 9. The article of apparelaccording to claim 1, wherein the second nonwoven layer incorporates afoam material.
 10. The article of apparel according to claim 4, whereinat one or more layers incorporate air gel technology or nano technology11. A technical flocked composite apparel comprised of moisturetransfer, breathable and anti-microbial fibers comprising: a first layercomprised of a waterproof or resistant stretchable, synthetic materialknitted, woven fabric or nonwoven material; a second layer, backing thefirst layer, including a breathable, hydrophilic adhesive and/orcoating; and a third flocked fiber layer, attached to the second layer,comprised of highly technical and engineered, moisture transfer,antimicrobial polymer fibers including shaped polyester fibers, 4-8 deepgrooved fibers, hollow and silver polymer fibers.
 12. The technicalcomposite apparel according to claim 11, wherein a layer of open orclosed cell foam is disposed between the first fabric layer and thesecond adhesive layer.
 13. The technical composite apparel according toclaim 12, wherein the is attached a adhesive layer and an engineered,moisture transferring and antimicrobial flocked fiber blend to forms aflocked foam composite for apparel.
 14. The technical composite apparelaccording to claim 11, wherein the flocked fiber blend contains woolfibers.
 15. The technical composite apparel according to claim 14,wherein the flocked foam composite is waterproof.
 16. The technicalcomposite apparel according to claim 15, wherein the flocked foamcomposite is waterproofed with a waterproof breathable film or membraneor nano-technology.
 17. The technical composite apparel according toclaim 13, wherein the flocked fiber layer contains wool fibers.
 18. Thetechnical composite apparel according to claim 13, wherein at least aportion of the flocked foam composite is treated to have enhancedthermal regulating properties.
 19. A technical composite for apparel orfootwear comprised of waterproof, breathable, moisture transferring, andanti-microbial layers including: a moisture transfer, anti-microbial,breathable nonwoven composite material comprised of a first layer ofpolyester fibers mechanically bonded to a second layer comprised ofanti-microbial, silver polymer fibers, shaped polymer fibers and 4-8deep groove polyester fibers and a third layer of moisture transfer,breathable, anti-microbial, foam material; and an exterior shell layercomprised of a stretchable, breathable polyester, polypropylene, andnylon fiber woven or knitted fabric.
 20. The technical composite apparelaccording to claim 19, wherein the nonwoven composite material containshollow and wool fibers.